A global cyber fraud operation is thought to be behind what may be the biggest credit data breach ever reported, eclipsing the 2007 TJX breach that compromised the data of 45 million customers.
The breach occurred on the internal computer network of Heartland Payment Systems, a major payment processing company that processes 100 million transactions each month from about 250,000 businesses nationwide.
How did this happen?
After a customer swipes a credit or debit card, the information is then transmitted to obtain authorization from a bank or payment company. During this brief transmission, the data is unencrypted. "Sniffer" software, which may have been installed on Heartland's network as far back as May 2008, captured card numbers, expiration dates, and some cardholder names and internal bank codes during this authorization period. Personal security codes are not believed to have been compromised.
What credit and debit cards are impacted?
Visa, MasterCard, Discover and American Express customers are vulnerable.
How many people could be affected?
An exact number of compromised customers is not available; however, according to a report in the New York Times, 600 million or more cardholders might be affected.
When was this breach discovered?
The breach was discovered last week by a forensic investigator following inquiries by Visa and MasterCard of suspicious activity surrounding processed card transactions.
What remedies do customers have?
Heartland has set up a Web site to provide updates to customers about the incident: www.2008breach.com. Cardholders are not responsible for unauthorized fraudulent charges made by third parties. The United States Secret Service and the Department of Justice are actively involved
Please review your credit card statements carefully each month for any charges that you don't recognize.
Showing posts with label credit cards. Show all posts
Showing posts with label credit cards. Show all posts
Wednesday, January 21, 2009
Thursday, July 31, 2008
Credit Card Companies Pull Back on Soliciting Via Direct Mail
The days of receiving credit card solicitations in your mailbox on a weekly or even daily basis may be over… at least temporarily.
Facing increasing delinquencies, consumers who are already credit-stretched, industry competition and profit losses, credit card companies have pulled back the reins on mailbox pitches, reducing the number of direct mail offers by an average of nearly 14 percent in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007.
According to a report in MSNBC.com, JPMorgan Chase reduced its mail volume by 34 percent, HSBC had a 23.3 percent reduction, and Bank of America and Capital One both cut mail volume by more than 17 percent.
Mortgage and loan companies cut their direct mailings by 6 percent. A handful of companies, including American Express, Discover and Washington Mutual, increased their volume slightly.
Of course, while there is a measurable decline in direct mail volume from banks and consumer lenders, there still is an enormous amount of direct mail solicitations landing in mailboxes, with an estimated 4.2 billion pieces of mail sent by financial service companies. According to Direct Marketing Association, U.S. banks and credit institutions spent $13.4 billion last year on direct marketing, generating $178.8 in sales.
Facing increasing delinquencies, consumers who are already credit-stretched, industry competition and profit losses, credit card companies have pulled back the reins on mailbox pitches, reducing the number of direct mail offers by an average of nearly 14 percent in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007.
According to a report in MSNBC.com, JPMorgan Chase reduced its mail volume by 34 percent, HSBC had a 23.3 percent reduction, and Bank of America and Capital One both cut mail volume by more than 17 percent.
Mortgage and loan companies cut their direct mailings by 6 percent. A handful of companies, including American Express, Discover and Washington Mutual, increased their volume slightly.
Of course, while there is a measurable decline in direct mail volume from banks and consumer lenders, there still is an enormous amount of direct mail solicitations landing in mailboxes, with an estimated 4.2 billion pieces of mail sent by financial service companies. According to Direct Marketing Association, U.S. banks and credit institutions spent $13.4 billion last year on direct marketing, generating $178.8 in sales.
Tuesday, July 8, 2008
Thieves Steal Gas With Stolen Sweetbay/Hannaford Customer Credit Cards
With gas prices floating over $4 a gallon and diesel approaching $5 a gallon, fuel is a valuable commodity that is attracting thieves along the East Coast.
The arrest of five Florida men who drove pickup trucks with hidden gas tanks that could hold up to 1,000 gallons of fuel brought to light a disturbing trend – the use of stolen credit card numbers to purchase excessive quantities of fuel at gas stations in several states. Murphy Oil, which runs Wal-Mart gas stations, reported losses of $1 million in one month as a result of similar gas thefts.
New cases involving the 4.2 million stolen credit and debit card numbers from the recent Hannaford/Sweetbay breach are being investigated as the crooks continue to try to convert the stolen numbers to cash.
If you used a credit or debit card at Sweetbay or Hannaford stores between Dec. 7 and March 10, keep a close eye on your bank or credit card statements and immediately challenge any purchases that are not yours.
The arrest of five Florida men who drove pickup trucks with hidden gas tanks that could hold up to 1,000 gallons of fuel brought to light a disturbing trend – the use of stolen credit card numbers to purchase excessive quantities of fuel at gas stations in several states. Murphy Oil, which runs Wal-Mart gas stations, reported losses of $1 million in one month as a result of similar gas thefts.
New cases involving the 4.2 million stolen credit and debit card numbers from the recent Hannaford/Sweetbay breach are being investigated as the crooks continue to try to convert the stolen numbers to cash.
If you used a credit or debit card at Sweetbay or Hannaford stores between Dec. 7 and March 10, keep a close eye on your bank or credit card statements and immediately challenge any purchases that are not yours.
Wednesday, July 2, 2008
Credit Card Business "Rife With Scams"
Dear Credit Mama,
First, the credit card companies started changing the payment due dates on me. I used to get the bills about three weeks in advance of the due date. Then suddenly, it was two weeks. Now sometimes it seems like less than that.
I'm smart enough to always look at the due date right when the bill comes in and mark it on my bill-pay calendar. But last month they hit me with a late payment charge… when I KNOW I sent the check with plenty of time for it to arrive at the processing company. I'm lucky that this wasn't a card with a 0% "provisional" rate since that would have been bumped to 32% with this one wrongly-processed payment. I feel like their game now is to nickel-and-dime any extra fees they can squeeze out of the average consumer! Is it just me??
-- Joe "Fed UP" in N.C.
Dear Joe,
If you think that the credit card companies aren't necessarily on the side of consumers, you're right. The tactics that have been used increasingly over the past several years have capitalized on the tendencies of consumers not to look at their bills too closely, not to question extra fees, and to pay their bills as close to the due date as possible.
Thought I'd share an interesting comment that was posted on a diary on the dailykos.com blog. The author, KeepingItBlueKrstna, gives an insider's perspective on what it's like to work at a credit card company and offers some nuggets of advice:
I worked for a major credit card company, which has since been bought and then bought again, but it was one of the major players.
When I worked there, it was clear that the processing company we used was late posting payments that had arrived on time. They did it all the time.
The Customer Service Reps brought it to the attention of management and it was escalated all the way to the CEO. So did they fix the problem? No. They made a video (I kid you not) of how efficient the payment processing company was and how their systems worked and held a meeting to show it to us. They told us, sure you get a lot of calls about this, but it's because there are only so many possible due dates, and you'll get a wave of calls about late fees after certain due dates. They said "It's the customer's fault" (or the post office's fault) and don't waive too many late fees.
This was a large scale fraud like the one described above where statements are mailed late. And it wasn't just the late fee revenue they were after. They used people's "late" payment history as an excuse to raise their interest rate on the card to penalty levels, even if that was the only late payment. In some cases, they used that one "late" payment as an excuse to change someone to a card with an annual fee instead of none.
The credit card business is rife with scams like these, masquerading as a normal way of doing business.
I strongly advise paying your credit card bill online within the terms posted there. If it says your payment will be posted in 3 days, make it 4 days before the due date. This is, in my opinion, the only safe way to avoid late fees. If you are mailing your payment, no matter how careful you are, you could get screwed.
If you get an unfair late fee, you should not only call to ask for the fee to be reversed, but also at least ask to have that late payment wiped off your payment history. (We were able to do that - it was called a re-age, but don't use that term - someone may think it's fishy that you know it.)
We were told repeatedly only to waive fees for the very best customers and if we waived or re-aged too many accounts, we would get written up. But I did it all the time and never got written up. Especially for nice people.
First, the credit card companies started changing the payment due dates on me. I used to get the bills about three weeks in advance of the due date. Then suddenly, it was two weeks. Now sometimes it seems like less than that.
I'm smart enough to always look at the due date right when the bill comes in and mark it on my bill-pay calendar. But last month they hit me with a late payment charge… when I KNOW I sent the check with plenty of time for it to arrive at the processing company. I'm lucky that this wasn't a card with a 0% "provisional" rate since that would have been bumped to 32% with this one wrongly-processed payment. I feel like their game now is to nickel-and-dime any extra fees they can squeeze out of the average consumer! Is it just me??
-- Joe "Fed UP" in N.C.
Dear Joe,
If you think that the credit card companies aren't necessarily on the side of consumers, you're right. The tactics that have been used increasingly over the past several years have capitalized on the tendencies of consumers not to look at their bills too closely, not to question extra fees, and to pay their bills as close to the due date as possible.
Thought I'd share an interesting comment that was posted on a diary on the dailykos.com blog. The author, KeepingItBlueKrstna, gives an insider's perspective on what it's like to work at a credit card company and offers some nuggets of advice:
I worked for a major credit card company, which has since been bought and then bought again, but it was one of the major players.
When I worked there, it was clear that the processing company we used was late posting payments that had arrived on time. They did it all the time.
The Customer Service Reps brought it to the attention of management and it was escalated all the way to the CEO. So did they fix the problem? No. They made a video (I kid you not) of how efficient the payment processing company was and how their systems worked and held a meeting to show it to us. They told us, sure you get a lot of calls about this, but it's because there are only so many possible due dates, and you'll get a wave of calls about late fees after certain due dates. They said "It's the customer's fault" (or the post office's fault) and don't waive too many late fees.
This was a large scale fraud like the one described above where statements are mailed late. And it wasn't just the late fee revenue they were after. They used people's "late" payment history as an excuse to raise their interest rate on the card to penalty levels, even if that was the only late payment. In some cases, they used that one "late" payment as an excuse to change someone to a card with an annual fee instead of none.
The credit card business is rife with scams like these, masquerading as a normal way of doing business.
I strongly advise paying your credit card bill online within the terms posted there. If it says your payment will be posted in 3 days, make it 4 days before the due date. This is, in my opinion, the only safe way to avoid late fees. If you are mailing your payment, no matter how careful you are, you could get screwed.
If you get an unfair late fee, you should not only call to ask for the fee to be reversed, but also at least ask to have that late payment wiped off your payment history. (We were able to do that - it was called a re-age, but don't use that term - someone may think it's fishy that you know it.)
We were told repeatedly only to waive fees for the very best customers and if we waived or re-aged too many accounts, we would get written up. But I did it all the time and never got written up. Especially for nice people.
Thursday, June 26, 2008
Credit Card Advice From An Insider
Wanted to share this interesting post I found at DailyKos.com, courtesy of Lava20.
Who am I? My name is Nicole. I worked for the two largest credit card companies in the world. I worked in various departments, but the most important department I worked for was customer service. This advice is just one friend to another. It is based on my own personal experience with what does and doesn't work.
1. Protest every fee. Overdraft fees. Late fees. Call and ask for the fee to be waived. If you were late. Call. If they tell you no. Ask again. If they tell you no. Ask for a supervisor. Most fees can be waived. The times the bank will not waive a fee is if you are 60 days or more behind. Or if you are always over your credit limit. I promise you. If you are willing to spend the time. That fee will be waived. This works about 85% of the time. I'll be honest here. The only reason that they may not waive the fee is if you are over 30 days late in the last 6 months or over 60 days in the last 12 months. So catch up if you can. Then make that call. You might be part of that 15%.
2. Report your card as lost or stolen. WHAT? Yes. This goes for debit cards also. Once you give out your credit card number, you have no control over who has access to your information. How often? I do this twice a year. If you shop online a great deal, do it more often. I know no one who reads this surfs porn, but if one does do this, you might want to cancel your cards more often. It doesn’t effect your credit report any, if at all. As long as you’re not doing it every week on every card, you’re fine. This is also helpful to prevent id theft.
[Note from Your Credit Mama: If you struggle to pay your minimums or have a hard time keeping your account below the limit, DO NOT DO THIS. If you are late on your payment or over your limit or have an internal "credit score" too low, or bad credit elsewhere, when you call to do this, they will close your account since it was "stolen" but may NOT issue you a new card. Also, many card issuers now routinely issue replacement cards after a certain period of time.]
3. If the bank makes an error, it’s never in your favor. So don’t do any sort of direct authorization to your checking account. For example, you might give your checking account number and routing number so that the minimum payment will be charged every month. Not a good idea. Errors can happen. I have seen many times where the bank has charged the members account for the total credit card balance instead of the minimum balance. This causes the members checking accounts to become overdrawn. The bank may be required to reimburse you for their own credit card fees. But it is completely up to the credit card company if they pay your banks fees (overdraft fees, fees to the store you wrote the check to etc.) Don't risk it. Your best bet here: Use your personal banking account and sign up with your bank to pay bills online.
4. Do not sign up for anything the credit card company wants to auto bill you for. Save yourself the time and headache. Insurance. Fraud protection. This is a billion dollar industry. And normally you will get no benefit from it. In fact, you will most likely spend more time trying to cancel it than any benefit you will receive from it. I have yet to meet the person who saved time or money with a fraud prevention unit that they couldn't do on their own. If you want to, go for it. Good luck. You're going to need it.
5. The only thing that will save you money is time. You must call. Every single time. Program the customer service number to your credit card company into your phone. right now. You don’t have to have your credit card number to call. Have them look your account up by your Social Security Number or name. Call every month to ask for lower interest rates. To have fees waived. To check your balance. To lower your credit limit. For every little thing.
I want to give an example here. Two different accounts. One group of members have high credit limits, pay off their bill in full every month. The other group pays as much as they can every month and has interest fees. Who saves the most? The first. Why? Because they call. They will have us read off every damn purchase. They will have us explain in detail over and over again how the interest is calculated. They will stay on the phone for 30 minutes to get the $50 yearly membership fee waived. And you know what? It works. They get a free service, basically. And bravo. The credit card company expects this. They also count on you, the person reading this right now, to be the person who doesn't do this.
One other thing I would like to bring up with this diary. Sometimes things happen. For example, I’ve seen entire zip codes where card members statements arrive late. Thousands may not receive their statement in enough time to mail the payment. This is strange because it appears that most of these card members all live in the same zip code, or they may all hold Union cards (the highest interest rate and the most revolvers – people who carry balances.) This makes the card member late in sending in a payment. And wouldn’t you know it. Millions of late fees. Most call to have the fees reversed. That’s fine with the credit card company. Because they only really need 10% to not bother.
Did you just say 10%? Yes. That’s all they need really. It doesn’t cost them anything if you never call. In fact, they can save here too. What would a smart bank do?: on the days the late mailed statement arrives, make sure that is the day that most of your customer service representatives are off. That way people will have to wait longer to get through to a live agent. Many don’t want to spend their Saturdays waiting for a customer service rep to answer. So they hang up. BINGO that 10% just went to 12% now. Millions. So again. Read #1.
One neat trick credit card companies use is to shorten the amount of time you have to send in a payment. This varies by bank. Normally you want 25 days. I've seen as short as 20. Call. Ask them for a longer length of time to send you bill in. Even if you don't need it. Why have the bank earn interest on the money if you can?
One final word of advice. Try not to sign up for auto anything. Again, it is so very difficult to get things auto-billed to stop. The company might be great, but unless you are getting a huge discount, I wouldn’t take the risk. If you do insist on auto-billing make sure you do #2! And if you do have things auto billed...make sure it is to a debit or credit card. That way you can easily report it lost/stolen when your friendly everyday auto insurance company decides to raise your premiums and change from monthly to biannual.
Okay. I saved the best for last. Guess what will work more than all the other things listed her combined? BE NICE!!! W T F?!?! Yes, calling with a bitchy attitudes actually inspires a customer service representative to do the least they can for you. Now, I may be taking the 100th call for the day about the statement arriving late, and all 99 of them have been royal jerks...then I get lucky number 100...who has read this diary and might start off the conversation like this, "Thank you so much for taking my call, I really hate to call with this, but do you think you can help me out with this late fee..." Throw in the customer service representative's name, no matter how horrid, tell them you love that name...
Who am I? My name is Nicole. I worked for the two largest credit card companies in the world. I worked in various departments, but the most important department I worked for was customer service. This advice is just one friend to another. It is based on my own personal experience with what does and doesn't work.
1. Protest every fee. Overdraft fees. Late fees. Call and ask for the fee to be waived. If you were late. Call. If they tell you no. Ask again. If they tell you no. Ask for a supervisor. Most fees can be waived. The times the bank will not waive a fee is if you are 60 days or more behind. Or if you are always over your credit limit. I promise you. If you are willing to spend the time. That fee will be waived. This works about 85% of the time. I'll be honest here. The only reason that they may not waive the fee is if you are over 30 days late in the last 6 months or over 60 days in the last 12 months. So catch up if you can. Then make that call. You might be part of that 15%.
2. Report your card as lost or stolen. WHAT? Yes. This goes for debit cards also. Once you give out your credit card number, you have no control over who has access to your information. How often? I do this twice a year. If you shop online a great deal, do it more often. I know no one who reads this surfs porn, but if one does do this, you might want to cancel your cards more often. It doesn’t effect your credit report any, if at all. As long as you’re not doing it every week on every card, you’re fine. This is also helpful to prevent id theft.
[Note from Your Credit Mama: If you struggle to pay your minimums or have a hard time keeping your account below the limit, DO NOT DO THIS. If you are late on your payment or over your limit or have an internal "credit score" too low, or bad credit elsewhere, when you call to do this, they will close your account since it was "stolen" but may NOT issue you a new card. Also, many card issuers now routinely issue replacement cards after a certain period of time.]
3. If the bank makes an error, it’s never in your favor. So don’t do any sort of direct authorization to your checking account. For example, you might give your checking account number and routing number so that the minimum payment will be charged every month. Not a good idea. Errors can happen. I have seen many times where the bank has charged the members account for the total credit card balance instead of the minimum balance. This causes the members checking accounts to become overdrawn. The bank may be required to reimburse you for their own credit card fees. But it is completely up to the credit card company if they pay your banks fees (overdraft fees, fees to the store you wrote the check to etc.) Don't risk it. Your best bet here: Use your personal banking account and sign up with your bank to pay bills online.
4. Do not sign up for anything the credit card company wants to auto bill you for. Save yourself the time and headache. Insurance. Fraud protection. This is a billion dollar industry. And normally you will get no benefit from it. In fact, you will most likely spend more time trying to cancel it than any benefit you will receive from it. I have yet to meet the person who saved time or money with a fraud prevention unit that they couldn't do on their own. If you want to, go for it. Good luck. You're going to need it.
5. The only thing that will save you money is time. You must call. Every single time. Program the customer service number to your credit card company into your phone. right now. You don’t have to have your credit card number to call. Have them look your account up by your Social Security Number or name. Call every month to ask for lower interest rates. To have fees waived. To check your balance. To lower your credit limit. For every little thing.
I want to give an example here. Two different accounts. One group of members have high credit limits, pay off their bill in full every month. The other group pays as much as they can every month and has interest fees. Who saves the most? The first. Why? Because they call. They will have us read off every damn purchase. They will have us explain in detail over and over again how the interest is calculated. They will stay on the phone for 30 minutes to get the $50 yearly membership fee waived. And you know what? It works. They get a free service, basically. And bravo. The credit card company expects this. They also count on you, the person reading this right now, to be the person who doesn't do this.
One other thing I would like to bring up with this diary. Sometimes things happen. For example, I’ve seen entire zip codes where card members statements arrive late. Thousands may not receive their statement in enough time to mail the payment. This is strange because it appears that most of these card members all live in the same zip code, or they may all hold Union cards (the highest interest rate and the most revolvers – people who carry balances.) This makes the card member late in sending in a payment. And wouldn’t you know it. Millions of late fees. Most call to have the fees reversed. That’s fine with the credit card company. Because they only really need 10% to not bother.
Did you just say 10%? Yes. That’s all they need really. It doesn’t cost them anything if you never call. In fact, they can save here too. What would a smart bank do?: on the days the late mailed statement arrives, make sure that is the day that most of your customer service representatives are off. That way people will have to wait longer to get through to a live agent. Many don’t want to spend their Saturdays waiting for a customer service rep to answer. So they hang up. BINGO that 10% just went to 12% now. Millions. So again. Read #1.
One neat trick credit card companies use is to shorten the amount of time you have to send in a payment. This varies by bank. Normally you want 25 days. I've seen as short as 20. Call. Ask them for a longer length of time to send you bill in. Even if you don't need it. Why have the bank earn interest on the money if you can?
One final word of advice. Try not to sign up for auto anything. Again, it is so very difficult to get things auto-billed to stop. The company might be great, but unless you are getting a huge discount, I wouldn’t take the risk. If you do insist on auto-billing make sure you do #2! And if you do have things auto billed...make sure it is to a debit or credit card. That way you can easily report it lost/stolen when your friendly everyday auto insurance company decides to raise your premiums and change from monthly to biannual.
Okay. I saved the best for last. Guess what will work more than all the other things listed her combined? BE NICE!!! W T F?!?! Yes, calling with a bitchy attitudes actually inspires a customer service representative to do the least they can for you. Now, I may be taking the 100th call for the day about the statement arriving late, and all 99 of them have been royal jerks...then I get lucky number 100...who has read this diary and might start off the conversation like this, "Thank you so much for taking my call, I really hate to call with this, but do you think you can help me out with this late fee..." Throw in the customer service representative's name, no matter how horrid, tell them you love that name...
Friday, May 9, 2008
Banks Are Putting Credit Cards on Ice, Too
If you've got a credit card "just for emergencies" that hasn't been used for an extended period of time, you may find that when that emergency does come, your card is no longer good.
According to a report by Smart Money, the soaring number of credit card delinquencies has banks trying to reduce their exposure to risky or unprofitable accounts. And it's been suggested that the Fed's proposed new rules restricting the banks' ability to arbitrarily raise interest rates and give consumers more time to make payments may be triggering an increasing number of credit card closures.
Even if you don't rely financially on your credit cards, closing credit lines can hurt your credit score. That's because your FICO score depends in part on your credit history and the amount of available credit you have compared to the amount of debt. If the card that is closed is the one you have had the longest, your score will certainly drop. And reducing the amount of available credit you have will have a negative impact on your debt-to-available credit ratio, which will decrease your score.
So... use your backup credit cards occasionally. If you've had a card issuer close your account, and you want to keep it open, contact the company and ask them to reconsider.
According to a report by Smart Money, the soaring number of credit card delinquencies has banks trying to reduce their exposure to risky or unprofitable accounts. And it's been suggested that the Fed's proposed new rules restricting the banks' ability to arbitrarily raise interest rates and give consumers more time to make payments may be triggering an increasing number of credit card closures.
Even if you don't rely financially on your credit cards, closing credit lines can hurt your credit score. That's because your FICO score depends in part on your credit history and the amount of available credit you have compared to the amount of debt. If the card that is closed is the one you have had the longest, your score will certainly drop. And reducing the amount of available credit you have will have a negative impact on your debt-to-available credit ratio, which will decrease your score.
So... use your backup credit cards occasionally. If you've had a card issuer close your account, and you want to keep it open, contact the company and ask them to reconsider.
Friday, May 2, 2008
The Fed Proposes Aggressive Restrictions on Abusive Credit Card Practices
In a move that is stunningly pro-consumer, the Federal Reserve Board has proposed tough new policies to curtail the types of abusive credit card practices that have been the subject of recent Congressional hearings.
These practices, which include arbitrary increases in credit card interest rates for existing balances, applying payments only to balances with the lowest interest rate rather than the highest rates and double-cycle billing (charging interest on debt that has already been paid), would be changed under the new, stricter policies. In addition, banks may also be required to give customers advance notices as well as the ability to opt out of overdraft programs.
The rules could go into effect by the end of this year.
The banks are already in an uproar over the proposed rules, which could affect more than 10,000 financial institutions. Industry representatives have begun threatening exhorbitant annual fees, elimination of balance transfers and increased interest rates. According to lobbyists, the restrictions would eliminate credit or make it more expensive to get credit.
The biggest source of angst for banks is the issue of universal default, which allows banks to increase a customer's interest rate for any reason, including defaults on other credit cards or loans, slight drops in credit scores or an increase in banks' cost of funds.
Eliminating universal default, known in bank lingo as "risk-based repricing," is a key component of a number of bills on Capitol Hill. The Fed's proposal would allow banks to raise rates when a consumer defaults on that account, and to consider "outside factors" to raise rates for new transactions. However, banks would not be allowed to use such factors to raise rates on existing balances.
According to On Wall Street, Citigroup and JPMorgan Chase & Co. announced they would no longer do universal default; however, Bank of America still uses risk-based repricing, and Capital One reprices its customers when their cost of funds rate increases.
Consumer advocates are applauding the Fed's aggressive stance. A vote is expected today.
These practices, which include arbitrary increases in credit card interest rates for existing balances, applying payments only to balances with the lowest interest rate rather than the highest rates and double-cycle billing (charging interest on debt that has already been paid), would be changed under the new, stricter policies. In addition, banks may also be required to give customers advance notices as well as the ability to opt out of overdraft programs.
The rules could go into effect by the end of this year.
The banks are already in an uproar over the proposed rules, which could affect more than 10,000 financial institutions. Industry representatives have begun threatening exhorbitant annual fees, elimination of balance transfers and increased interest rates. According to lobbyists, the restrictions would eliminate credit or make it more expensive to get credit.
The biggest source of angst for banks is the issue of universal default, which allows banks to increase a customer's interest rate for any reason, including defaults on other credit cards or loans, slight drops in credit scores or an increase in banks' cost of funds.
Eliminating universal default, known in bank lingo as "risk-based repricing," is a key component of a number of bills on Capitol Hill. The Fed's proposal would allow banks to raise rates when a consumer defaults on that account, and to consider "outside factors" to raise rates for new transactions. However, banks would not be allowed to use such factors to raise rates on existing balances.
According to On Wall Street, Citigroup and JPMorgan Chase & Co. announced they would no longer do universal default; however, Bank of America still uses risk-based repricing, and Capital One reprices its customers when their cost of funds rate increases.
Consumer advocates are applauding the Fed's aggressive stance. A vote is expected today.
Thursday, May 1, 2008
"Arbitration Coalition" Heads Back to Court
Last Friday, the U.S. Court of Appeals in New York breathed new life into a class action lawsuit that has been languishing since 2005. At issue: alleged anti-competitive practices involving mandatory arbitration clauses in credit card agreements.
The lawsuit claims that banking giants Bank of America Corp. Capital One, Discover, Citigroup and Washington Mutual worked together to draft and institute mandatory arbitration clauses, which would ensure that customers that have a dispute with them could not take them to court to resolve their issues – they would have to file claims with an arbitration board instead.
The suit alleges that this "Arbitration Coalition" successfully eliminated all non-arbitration credit cards from the market, and as a result, hurt consumers by limiting their rights. The plaintiffs tried to show that the banks colluded by sharing tips on how to write enforceable agreements and agreeing to impose the same terms in each of their credit card contracts… all of which deprived "the cardholders of meaningful choice in the area of credit card services, and [diminished] the overall quality of credit services offered to consumers."
The case seemed to die in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York when the court ruled that because the plaintiffs could not prove they had suffered actual harm, there was no case.
But the U.S. Court of Appeals in New York agreed that cardholders could have been harmed through a lack of competition and sent the case back to the lower court. After all, if all credit cards require mandatory arbitration, then consumers do not have a choice of using a credit card that does not mandate it – they only have the choice not to use credit cards at all.
While this matter is likely to be debated for a while, it is just one more credit card-related issue that is raising the ire of consumers and capturing the attention of legislators.
The lawsuit claims that banking giants Bank of America Corp. Capital One, Discover, Citigroup and Washington Mutual worked together to draft and institute mandatory arbitration clauses, which would ensure that customers that have a dispute with them could not take them to court to resolve their issues – they would have to file claims with an arbitration board instead.
The suit alleges that this "Arbitration Coalition" successfully eliminated all non-arbitration credit cards from the market, and as a result, hurt consumers by limiting their rights. The plaintiffs tried to show that the banks colluded by sharing tips on how to write enforceable agreements and agreeing to impose the same terms in each of their credit card contracts… all of which deprived "the cardholders of meaningful choice in the area of credit card services, and [diminished] the overall quality of credit services offered to consumers."
The case seemed to die in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York when the court ruled that because the plaintiffs could not prove they had suffered actual harm, there was no case.
But the U.S. Court of Appeals in New York agreed that cardholders could have been harmed through a lack of competition and sent the case back to the lower court. After all, if all credit cards require mandatory arbitration, then consumers do not have a choice of using a credit card that does not mandate it – they only have the choice not to use credit cards at all.
While this matter is likely to be debated for a while, it is just one more credit card-related issue that is raising the ire of consumers and capturing the attention of legislators.
Friday, April 11, 2008
You May "Discover" New Fees in Your Credit Card Bills
Discover is introducing another way to enforce fiscal responsibility – or, as others may see it, another way to collect additional fees from its customers.
Beginning May 1, Discover will penalize its card holders for exceeding their credit limit twice by imposing the "penalty interest rate" (which, not surprisingly, is being raised from 29% to 31%). This action is in addition to the $39 over-the-limit fee Discover already charges.
Discover is not the only card issuer that is instituting rate increases for exceeding credit lines – Chase and Bank of America are including similar clauses in their member agreements.
According to calculations by The Red Tape Chronicles, affected customers will pay heavily for going over their limit:
If you are a regular user of credit cards, you should know that credit card issuers generally allow you to exceed your credit limit by 10 percent or more without warning. Credit card companies say they do this to prevent embarrassment or inconvenience in the check-out line. But with these stiff new penalties in place, you will pay for years for the privilege of using more credit than you have.
To maximize your credit score, you should not be charging more than 10 percent of your credit limit anyway, because of the negative impact of a debt utilization ratio. Know your credit limit. Stay below 50 percent of your limit (10 percent if possible). And if your credit card company offers e-mail warnings to let you know that you are approaching your credit limit, sign up today.
Beginning May 1, Discover will penalize its card holders for exceeding their credit limit twice by imposing the "penalty interest rate" (which, not surprisingly, is being raised from 29% to 31%). This action is in addition to the $39 over-the-limit fee Discover already charges.
Discover is not the only card issuer that is instituting rate increases for exceeding credit lines – Chase and Bank of America are including similar clauses in their member agreements.
According to calculations by The Red Tape Chronicles, affected customers will pay heavily for going over their limit:
A consumer with a $10,000 balance and a 15 percent interest rate who pays the minimum payment each month would pay $2,800 in a year and still owe $8,598 on that balance.
A consumer with a $10,000 balance and a 31 percent interest rate who pays the minimum payment each month would pay $4,047 in a year and still owe $8,891.54 on that balance.
If you are a regular user of credit cards, you should know that credit card issuers generally allow you to exceed your credit limit by 10 percent or more without warning. Credit card companies say they do this to prevent embarrassment or inconvenience in the check-out line. But with these stiff new penalties in place, you will pay for years for the privilege of using more credit than you have.
To maximize your credit score, you should not be charging more than 10 percent of your credit limit anyway, because of the negative impact of a debt utilization ratio. Know your credit limit. Stay below 50 percent of your limit (10 percent if possible). And if your credit card company offers e-mail warnings to let you know that you are approaching your credit limit, sign up today.
Tuesday, March 11, 2008
So What IS the Average Credit Score, Really?
I was reading an article today posted by BusinessWeek called "Buying a Franchise with Bad Credit." One of the first things that struck me was the reference to average credit scores. A nonprofit contractor for the SBA microloan program says,
But hold on a minute! The credit bureaus say that the average credit score in the U.S. is 692. (In case you didn't know, FICO scores range from 300-850, although other credit bureaus use different scales.) In fact, Fair Isaac says on their Web site (myfico.com):
Yet the data from Federal Reserve says something very different:
Hmm. According to the bureaus, 30% of your score is determined by your debt ratio: how much money you owe, divided by the amount of available credit you have. Thirty-five percent of your score is based on payment history. In total, that's 65% of your score - and the data shows that the majority of American households are not doing so well in these two areas.
Now factor in the sneaky credit industry tricks -- universal default (where credit card issuers can raise your interest rates should your credit falter - even if you have never made a late payment), interest rate increases for no reason, not reporting your true credit limit on cards, "chasing balances" (where credit card companies reduce your credit limit as you pay down the card) -- and it's clear that the average consumer's credit score is being attacked from so many angles that an "average" credit score of nearly 700 is improbable.
Ask any residential mortgage broker or loan officer if their average applicant's credit score is 692. Just be prepared for the snickers or guffaws.
My business partner was speaking with a mother of three the other day. As she was talking about her credit, her demeanor completely changed - her shoulders slumped forward, head hung low, voice full of apology. She truly believed that she "deserved" to pay higher interest rates because of her "poor credit." Yet if she knew that the majority of people had credit scores in the same range as hers, would she be so accepting?
"Usually they have what I'd call an average credit score—in the mid 500s or 600s—but not a high credit score."
But hold on a minute! The credit bureaus say that the average credit score in the U.S. is 692. (In case you didn't know, FICO scores range from 300-850, although other credit bureaus use different scales.) In fact, Fair Isaac says on their Web site (myfico.com):
"About 40% of credit card holders carry a balance of less than $1,000. About 15% are far less conservative in their use of credit cards and have total card balances in excess of $10,000. When we look at the total of all credit obligations combined (except mortgage loans), 48% of consumers carry less than $5,000 of debt. This includes all credit cards, lines of credit, and loans-everything but mortgages. Nearly 37% carry more than $10,000 of non-mortgage-related debt as reported to the credit bureaus. " They report that 58% of consumers have a credit score of 700 or more.
Yet the data from Federal Reserve says something very different:
"The average household has $11,000 to $12,000 in credit card debt... Those figures are diluted by those who don't hold any debt. Households that carry debt from month to month carry close to $17,000 of unsecured debt on average. One out of every five households is either behind on payments or over the limit on at least one account."To make matters worse, not only is the rate of foreclosures at an all-time high, but it is projected that 10% of home owners (approximately 8.8 million people) will have negative equity by month's end.
Hmm. According to the bureaus, 30% of your score is determined by your debt ratio: how much money you owe, divided by the amount of available credit you have. Thirty-five percent of your score is based on payment history. In total, that's 65% of your score - and the data shows that the majority of American households are not doing so well in these two areas.
Now factor in the sneaky credit industry tricks -- universal default (where credit card issuers can raise your interest rates should your credit falter - even if you have never made a late payment), interest rate increases for no reason, not reporting your true credit limit on cards, "chasing balances" (where credit card companies reduce your credit limit as you pay down the card) -- and it's clear that the average consumer's credit score is being attacked from so many angles that an "average" credit score of nearly 700 is improbable.
Ask any residential mortgage broker or loan officer if their average applicant's credit score is 692. Just be prepared for the snickers or guffaws.
My business partner was speaking with a mother of three the other day. As she was talking about her credit, her demeanor completely changed - her shoulders slumped forward, head hung low, voice full of apology. She truly believed that she "deserved" to pay higher interest rates because of her "poor credit." Yet if she knew that the majority of people had credit scores in the same range as hers, would she be so accepting?
Friday, February 15, 2008
Debit Card Traps - Part I
According to a recent article in Reader's Digest, debit cards have replaced credit cards as the "plastic of choice," with debit cards used for 33 percent of in-store transactions compared to 19 percent with credit cards. That number is expected to jump to more than 50 percent in the next three years.
The increase in the use of debit cards has translated into an increase in debit card fraud. In 2007, hundreds of visitors to a national chain restaurant in Sioux City, Iowa, learned that thieves had stolen their debit card numbers by swiping them through a "skimmer" device, and made cloned cards. These cloned cards were then used to make purchases in California and Mexico. This came on the heels of the massive data breach reported by TJX Companies.
One of the biggest misconceptions about debit cards is that they offer the same protection against fraud as credit cards... probably because they both have the familiar Visa or Mastercard logo stamped on the front of the card.
When you make a purchase with a credit card, and the service or product is not delivered or is not what was promised, you can dispute the charge with your credit card company. Under the terms of the federal Fair Credit Billing Act, the credit card company must remove the charge while it investigates your dispute.
There is no such grace period with debit cards. Once the money is pulled out of your account, it's gone - and under the terms of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, the issuer of your debit card is not legally required to investigate or help you with your dispute.
While federal law generally limits your liability on both credit and debit cards to $50 provided you report the crime within two days of receiving your statement, recouping your cash is not a sure thing. And if you fail to notice the suspicious activity right away, you may be liable for up to $500 or more.
How to Protect Yourself
The increase in the use of debit cards has translated into an increase in debit card fraud. In 2007, hundreds of visitors to a national chain restaurant in Sioux City, Iowa, learned that thieves had stolen their debit card numbers by swiping them through a "skimmer" device, and made cloned cards. These cloned cards were then used to make purchases in California and Mexico. This came on the heels of the massive data breach reported by TJX Companies.
One of the biggest misconceptions about debit cards is that they offer the same protection against fraud as credit cards... probably because they both have the familiar Visa or Mastercard logo stamped on the front of the card.
When you make a purchase with a credit card, and the service or product is not delivered or is not what was promised, you can dispute the charge with your credit card company. Under the terms of the federal Fair Credit Billing Act, the credit card company must remove the charge while it investigates your dispute.
There is no such grace period with debit cards. Once the money is pulled out of your account, it's gone - and under the terms of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, the issuer of your debit card is not legally required to investigate or help you with your dispute.
While federal law generally limits your liability on both credit and debit cards to $50 provided you report the crime within two days of receiving your statement, recouping your cash is not a sure thing. And if you fail to notice the suspicious activity right away, you may be liable for up to $500 or more.
How to Protect Yourself
- Don't ever hand over your debit card at a place where they process the card out of your sight, such as a restaurant.
- Don't use debit cards for online purchases or big-ticket items.
- If a store's card reader prompts for your PIN, override the sale by pressing Credit/Other or ask the cashier to process the transaction as credit.
- Gas stations are notorious for being "hot spots" for skimming. If you must use a debit card at a gas station, use your PIN and don't let the card out of your hand.
- Take advantage of your bank's online banking system and check your statements frequently.
Tuesday, February 12, 2008
CapOne and BOA Credit Card Ripoff
If you have a Capital One or Bank of America credit card, you may be in for a surprise when your monthly bill arrives.
Hundreds of thousands of credit card holders - many of whom have never missed a credit card payment and were in good standing - have been informed that their interest rates will be doubled - some to as much as 28 percent - without any explanation of the increase.
The big banks have been sending notices to consumers advising them of this change over the past month. In fine print, Bank of America has offered customers the option of not using their cards any longer and paying off their existing debt at the current interest rate - but in order to take advantage of this option, customers must "opt out" of the change by writing to Bank of America. There is no opt-out telephone number, nor does Bank of America provide a form or a return envelope. And consumers don't have much time to respond. Letters received in late January had deadline dates of Feb. 19 or Feb. 29. Those who threw away the notice thinking it was junk mail or who fail to respond by the due dates will see their rates automatically rise on existing and new balances.
It's a legal - but sneaky - trick, as many of the big credit card issuers have provisions in the fine print that they can raise rates for any reason at any time. And with losses piling up in the subprime mortgage sector and increasing credit card chargeoffs, it's an easy way for banks to generate revenue.
But most people don't have a secret stockpile of money laying around that they can use to pay off their credit card balances - which means that once again, the credit card companies will win big at their customers' expense.
All this is happening despite the continued cuts in the Federal funds rate, which influences the interest that consumers pay for credit cards, home equity lines and car loans. The rate was reduced this year by 1.25 percentage points and currently stands at 3 percent.
Look for continued legislative efforts this year by Congress to curb these unfriendly practices.
Hundreds of thousands of credit card holders - many of whom have never missed a credit card payment and were in good standing - have been informed that their interest rates will be doubled - some to as much as 28 percent - without any explanation of the increase.
The big banks have been sending notices to consumers advising them of this change over the past month. In fine print, Bank of America has offered customers the option of not using their cards any longer and paying off their existing debt at the current interest rate - but in order to take advantage of this option, customers must "opt out" of the change by writing to Bank of America. There is no opt-out telephone number, nor does Bank of America provide a form or a return envelope. And consumers don't have much time to respond. Letters received in late January had deadline dates of Feb. 19 or Feb. 29. Those who threw away the notice thinking it was junk mail or who fail to respond by the due dates will see their rates automatically rise on existing and new balances.
It's a legal - but sneaky - trick, as many of the big credit card issuers have provisions in the fine print that they can raise rates for any reason at any time. And with losses piling up in the subprime mortgage sector and increasing credit card chargeoffs, it's an easy way for banks to generate revenue.
But most people don't have a secret stockpile of money laying around that they can use to pay off their credit card balances - which means that once again, the credit card companies will win big at their customers' expense.
All this is happening despite the continued cuts in the Federal funds rate, which influences the interest that consumers pay for credit cards, home equity lines and car loans. The rate was reduced this year by 1.25 percentage points and currently stands at 3 percent.
Look for continued legislative efforts this year by Congress to curb these unfriendly practices.
Friday, February 8, 2008
Rep. Maloney Introduces Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights
The wave of legislation designed to protect consumers from unfair credit practices continues in the House of Representatives. Yesterday, Rep. Carolyn Maloney (D-NY) introduced the "Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights Act of 2008" (H.R. 5244), which aims to amend the Truth in Lending Act and abolish predatory lending practices and abuses.
The Bill of Rights includes provisions that:
Maloney, who chairs the House Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit Subcommittee, said, "A credit card agreement is supposed to be a contract, but in recent years cardholders have lost the ability to say no to unfair interest rates hikes and fees." The bill "levels the playing field between card companies and cardholders while fostering fair competition and free market values. It sets no rate caps, fees or price controls, nor does it dictate any business models to card companies."
The Bill of Rights includes provisions that:
- protect cardholders against arbitrary interest rate increases (such as universal default and "any time any reason" price hikes) and require a 45-day notice of any interest rate increases
- prevent cardholders who pay on time from being unfairly penalized (eliminating double-cycle billing and fees on interest-only balances)
- protect cardholders from due date gimmicks (requiring card companies to mail statements 25 days before the due date - 14 days is the current minimum - and prohibits charging late fees if provided with proof of mailing the bill within 7 days of the due date)
- shield cardholders from misleading terms (such as "fixed rate" vs. "prime rate")
- empower cardholders to set limits on their credit (creating a self-selected credit limit that cannot be exceeded, thereby eliminating over-the-limit fees)
- require card companies to fairly credit and allocate payments (many card companies require that payments be allocated to lower interest rate balances first)
- prohibit card companies from imposing excessive fees on cardholders (limits the number of over-the-limit fees to 3)
- prevent card companies from giving subprime credit cards to people who can't afford them (requiring that fees for subprime cards whose total fixed fees over a year exceed 25% of the credit limit be paid upfront before the card is issued)
- require Congress to provide better oversight of the credit card industry (improves data collection on industry profits and fees, and provide an annual accounting to Congress)
- contain NO rate caps, fee setting or price controls (a concession to the card companies)
Maloney, who chairs the House Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit Subcommittee, said, "A credit card agreement is supposed to be a contract, but in recent years cardholders have lost the ability to say no to unfair interest rates hikes and fees." The bill "levels the playing field between card companies and cardholders while fostering fair competition and free market values. It sets no rate caps, fees or price controls, nor does it dictate any business models to card companies."
Friday, February 1, 2008
Credit & Predatory Lending: Hillary's Plan
Did you know:
- Americans have a record $940 billion in revolving debt, and the average person carries up to nine different credit cards. (Federal Reserve, 2007)
- The average family carries thousands in credit card debt; over 10% of credit card users carry a balance of $10,000 or more. (Fair Isaac, 2007)
- Low-income credit card holders pay (on average) the highest starting interest rates - and are more than twice as likely to pay penalty interest rates than those with the highest incomes. (Demos, 2007)
With the current economic pressures causing rising foreclosure rates due to resetting mortgages and increasing costs for essentials - food, health care, education and energy- credit health is becoming a hot election issue.
On the heels of Barack Obama's Five Star Plan, Hillary Clinton unveiled a Fair Credit for Families Agenda, which seeks to address predatory lending and expand access to fair credit. The plan includes measures to:
- Impose a 30% cap on annual interest rates for credit cards and work toward a lower cap. (A GAO survey found that up to 25% of credit cards issued by banks charged penalty rates over 30%.)
- Prevent credit card companies from unfairly increasing interest rates or charging interest in unfair or unreasonable ways, such as universal default clauses, applying new interest rates to old transactions, and collecting interest on late penalties. Credit card companies would have to apply payments to the portion of the outstanding balance with the highest interest rate, and only be allowed to collect interest on the unpaid portion of the previous month's bill (for example, if you pay off a $500 balance, you should not have to pay interest on that $500 balance the following month).
- Require that credit card companies provide clear, easy-to-understand information about credit card terms and fees. In 2006, the credit card industry collected $97 billion in interest charges and $18 billion in penalty fees. (CardTrak, 2008)
- Create a new Financial Product Safety Commission to police credit products in the wake of declining regulation for credit card companies and banks.
- Crack down on abusive payday lenders and refund anticipation loan providers, many of whom charge excessive fees.
Thursday, January 17, 2008
A Five-Star Plan to Reduce Predatory Credit Cards
On the campaign trail, Democratic presidential hopeful Barack Obama is attacking predatory credit cards.
Last month, Obama and fellow Senator Ron Wyden (D-RO) introduced legislation designed to educate and protect consumers from abusive lending practices, while providing incentives to credit card issuers to improve their practices.
The Credit Card Star Safety Act of 2007 (S. 2411) awards "stars" to each card based on a points system. Cards with fair and friendlier terms and conditions are awarded more stars, with five stars given to the safest cards. These star ratings would be required on all marketing pieces, agreements, statements and applications. The idea is that consumers would naturally gravitate toward using the cards with more stars, creating competition among credit card companies to keep and attract new customers by changing abusive practices.
The rating system doesn't measure how good the interest rate is, but rather the safety of the credit card agreement itself. For example, card issuers that state they can change the terms of the credit agreement "at any time" without notice or employ "fee harvesting" techniques would earn one star. Those that provide 90 days' notice to cardholders before changing their terms, or have agreements that are easy to understand, would earn more stars.
This program is based on the success of the five-star crash test ratings system for new cars. Initially, no car was given more than two stars; today, a number of vehicles are earning five stars. While most of the credit cards today would probably rate an average of one to two stars, Obama and Wyden expect this program will have a similar, positive impact on credit card practices.
It's a pressing issue that many voters can relate to. According to data from the Federal Reserve and the U.S. Census Bureau, in September 2007, U.S. consumers were carrying close to $880 billion in credit card debt – nearly $2,900 for every man, woman and child in the country. Credit card debt has increased by almost $163 billion since 2004, an increase of over $500 per person in the U.S., or 23% in just 3 years.
Last month, Obama and fellow Senator Ron Wyden (D-RO) introduced legislation designed to educate and protect consumers from abusive lending practices, while providing incentives to credit card issuers to improve their practices.
The Credit Card Star Safety Act of 2007 (S. 2411) awards "stars" to each card based on a points system. Cards with fair and friendlier terms and conditions are awarded more stars, with five stars given to the safest cards. These star ratings would be required on all marketing pieces, agreements, statements and applications. The idea is that consumers would naturally gravitate toward using the cards with more stars, creating competition among credit card companies to keep and attract new customers by changing abusive practices.
The rating system doesn't measure how good the interest rate is, but rather the safety of the credit card agreement itself. For example, card issuers that state they can change the terms of the credit agreement "at any time" without notice or employ "fee harvesting" techniques would earn one star. Those that provide 90 days' notice to cardholders before changing their terms, or have agreements that are easy to understand, would earn more stars.
This program is based on the success of the five-star crash test ratings system for new cars. Initially, no car was given more than two stars; today, a number of vehicles are earning five stars. While most of the credit cards today would probably rate an average of one to two stars, Obama and Wyden expect this program will have a similar, positive impact on credit card practices.
It's a pressing issue that many voters can relate to. According to data from the Federal Reserve and the U.S. Census Bureau, in September 2007, U.S. consumers were carrying close to $880 billion in credit card debt – nearly $2,900 for every man, woman and child in the country. Credit card debt has increased by almost $163 billion since 2004, an increase of over $500 per person in the U.S., or 23% in just 3 years.
Thursday, December 27, 2007
It's Good to Have Limits
A couple of years ago, Federal Reserve researchers reviewed 310,000 individual consumer credit files. Among their findings: nearly half (46%) were missing at least one credit limit on their report.
For anyone who is concerned about improving or maintaining their credit score, this is bad news... because when companies like Capital One do not report credit limits to the credit reporting agencies (Equifax, Experian and TransUnion), your credit score can drop significantly.
The first question: How does this happen?
Part of your credit score -- 30% -- is determined by how you use your credit. If you tend to maintain balances at or close to your credit limit, your score will not be as high.
Credit reporting agencies use special software to calculate your credit utilization ratios. Credit utilization refers to how much of your available credit you are using. If a company does NOT report your card limit, the software may substitute your highest balance in place of your actual limit to calculate your ratio.
So, for example, if you have a credit card with a $5,000 credit limit, and the highest monthly balance you've ever had on the card is $2,500, you have a 50% utilization ratio. However, if your most recent balance is $2,000, and the credit card company doesn't report your $5,000 limit, the scoring software may use the highest monthly balance ($2,500) to determine your limit. That would make it appear as though you are nearly maxxed out with a credit utilization ratio of 80% - which could drop your score 20 to 50 points or more.
Recent data from Experian revealed that those with the highest credit scores used only, on average, 17.8% of their available credit.
The next question - Why do companies withhold credit limits?
The answer: Competition and the almighty dollar.
With the average American carrying four credit cards with balances of $9,000-$13,000, it's becoming increasingly difficult for lenders to gain new customers. As a result, they are trying to lure existing cardholders with offers of low balance transfers, cash rebates and more.
Companies like Capital One hope to reduce "poaching" of customers by their competitors, who routinely sift through national credit bureau data looking for prospective customers. The practice of withholding credit limits artificially lowers the credit scores of their customers, theoretically making them less attractive to other lenders. And it might mean that consumers using Capital One cards are paying higher interest rates on their other credit accounts. This makes it more likely that you will remain a captive customer of Capital One and less likely to be offered the credit you deserve from other companies.
Those hurt the most by this practice are consumers with few credit accounts and those just beginning to build their credit history.
Class action lawsuits have been initiated, accusing the Big Three of deliberately shielding data despite knowing that this practice reflects negatively on credit score calculations.
Until the lawsuit is settled, consumers would be wise to review their credit files to see which companies are not reporting accurate credit limit data, and to be cautious about using these cards.
For anyone who is concerned about improving or maintaining their credit score, this is bad news... because when companies like Capital One do not report credit limits to the credit reporting agencies (Equifax, Experian and TransUnion), your credit score can drop significantly.
The first question: How does this happen?
Part of your credit score -- 30% -- is determined by how you use your credit. If you tend to maintain balances at or close to your credit limit, your score will not be as high.
Credit reporting agencies use special software to calculate your credit utilization ratios. Credit utilization refers to how much of your available credit you are using. If a company does NOT report your card limit, the software may substitute your highest balance in place of your actual limit to calculate your ratio.
So, for example, if you have a credit card with a $5,000 credit limit, and the highest monthly balance you've ever had on the card is $2,500, you have a 50% utilization ratio. However, if your most recent balance is $2,000, and the credit card company doesn't report your $5,000 limit, the scoring software may use the highest monthly balance ($2,500) to determine your limit. That would make it appear as though you are nearly maxxed out with a credit utilization ratio of 80% - which could drop your score 20 to 50 points or more.
Recent data from Experian revealed that those with the highest credit scores used only, on average, 17.8% of their available credit.
The next question - Why do companies withhold credit limits?
The answer: Competition and the almighty dollar.
With the average American carrying four credit cards with balances of $9,000-$13,000, it's becoming increasingly difficult for lenders to gain new customers. As a result, they are trying to lure existing cardholders with offers of low balance transfers, cash rebates and more.
Companies like Capital One hope to reduce "poaching" of customers by their competitors, who routinely sift through national credit bureau data looking for prospective customers. The practice of withholding credit limits artificially lowers the credit scores of their customers, theoretically making them less attractive to other lenders. And it might mean that consumers using Capital One cards are paying higher interest rates on their other credit accounts. This makes it more likely that you will remain a captive customer of Capital One and less likely to be offered the credit you deserve from other companies.
Those hurt the most by this practice are consumers with few credit accounts and those just beginning to build their credit history.
Class action lawsuits have been initiated, accusing the Big Three of deliberately shielding data despite knowing that this practice reflects negatively on credit score calculations.
Until the lawsuit is settled, consumers would be wise to review their credit files to see which companies are not reporting accurate credit limit data, and to be cautious about using these cards.
Tuesday, December 4, 2007
When Good Payers Get Screwed
You are one of the "responsible" ones.
You have a few credit cards with decent rates. And you've always paid those bills on time.
So you don't think twice about that holiday discount offer - you know, the one where you can save an additional 10-15% on your purchase if you open up a department store credit card. Your credit is good - you are approved!
The next month, you get your credit card statements and fall out of your chair. Your credit card issuers have just raised your interest rates!
How could this happen when you've always paid your bills on time?
In yet another example of abusive credit card industry practices, big financial companies have adopted policies where they can bump up a consumer's interest rate for their credit card when their FICO score declines - even if they have never paid late on that card. Mind you, your FICO can decline when you do something as simple as open a department store credit card.
Members of Congress are currently investigating this and other abusive practices. The subcommittee found that in many cases, consumers have little notice of the increased rate, which are automatically triggered by declines in FICO scores "for reasons left unexplained."
Five big financial companies issue around 80% of credit cards in the U.S. -- Bank of America Corp., Capital One Financial Corp., Citigroup Inc., Discover Financial Services LLC, and JPMorgan Chase & Co.
One week prior to the Congressional subcommittee's hearing on the issue earlier this year, Citigroup suddenly announced that it would no longer make "any-time-for-any-reason" increases to interest rates and fees charged to customers, at least until a credit card expires and a new one is issued (usually in two years). JPMorgan Chase followed suit, saying they also will discontinue the practice.
But legislation may still be needed to get other companies to do the same - and at least mandate that credit card issuers give customers adequate notice (at least 45 days) of terms and rate increases in language that can be understood by a fifth-grader.
You have a few credit cards with decent rates. And you've always paid those bills on time.
So you don't think twice about that holiday discount offer - you know, the one where you can save an additional 10-15% on your purchase if you open up a department store credit card. Your credit is good - you are approved!
The next month, you get your credit card statements and fall out of your chair. Your credit card issuers have just raised your interest rates!
How could this happen when you've always paid your bills on time?
In yet another example of abusive credit card industry practices, big financial companies have adopted policies where they can bump up a consumer's interest rate for their credit card when their FICO score declines - even if they have never paid late on that card. Mind you, your FICO can decline when you do something as simple as open a department store credit card.
Members of Congress are currently investigating this and other abusive practices. The subcommittee found that in many cases, consumers have little notice of the increased rate, which are automatically triggered by declines in FICO scores "for reasons left unexplained."
Five big financial companies issue around 80% of credit cards in the U.S. -- Bank of America Corp., Capital One Financial Corp., Citigroup Inc., Discover Financial Services LLC, and JPMorgan Chase & Co.
One week prior to the Congressional subcommittee's hearing on the issue earlier this year, Citigroup suddenly announced that it would no longer make "any-time-for-any-reason" increases to interest rates and fees charged to customers, at least until a credit card expires and a new one is issued (usually in two years). JPMorgan Chase followed suit, saying they also will discontinue the practice.
But legislation may still be needed to get other companies to do the same - and at least mandate that credit card issuers give customers adequate notice (at least 45 days) of terms and rate increases in language that can be understood by a fifth-grader.
Wednesday, November 7, 2007
Beware of Predatory Credit Cards
So let's say you're one of the millions of Americans with weak or non-existent credit. You're desperate to rebuild your credit history, since you know that poor credit leads to higher rates for mortgages, auto loans, insurance and can even affect whether or not you land that job you want. You've heard that one way to rebuild a weak or non-existent credit history is by signing up for a credit card and making small purchases, repaying the debt on time every month.
Somehow these banks seem to know that you want credit - you've received e-mails and offers in the mail. Lured in by promises of credit lines up to $2,000, you apply for a credit card. Congratulations- you're approved! You're a little disappointed that the limit they give you is just $250. It wasn't as much as you'd hoped for, but it's a start.
What you probably didn't do, though, is ask about the TERMS. And you soon discover that your $250 credit line is actually much less, because by merely signing up for the card, you incurred $178 of instant debt due to all those fees that you didn't know you'd be responsible for. There's a $95 program fee, a $29 account set-up fee, a $6 monthly participation fee, and a $48 annual fee. If you didn't realize that your actual buying power was really just $72, you might buy something that causes you to go over your limit - which, of course, generates yet another fee.
This is just one example of "fee harvesting," a practice by which credit card companies pile on junk fees to unsuspecting consumers - typically low-income, fixed-income and minorities. It's a lucrative business, generating millions in fees for companies and billions of dollars of debt for consumers.
A report issued by the National Consumer Law Center details how banks and marketers take advantage of inadequate laws and weak oversight by regulators by selling these predatory cards. The biggest offenders named in the report include CompuCredit, Urban Trust Bank, South Dakota-based First Premier and First National of Pierre, and Delaware-based First Bank of Delaware and Applied Bank (formerly known as Cross Country Bank), Capital One and HSBC.
They'll tell you their mission is bringing affordable banking services to the underserved. But what they are really doing is profiting from the poor and desperate.
The root of the problem lies in regulatory and legal loopholes that allow this practice to continue. I don't advocate cutting off people's access to credit. Rather, we need tougher federal controls. Until Congress acts to protect consumers from fee harvesting and other predatory practices, you must protect yourself.
The smaller the print, the more important it is to read it. Before you agree to anything, ask to read the terms. If you don't understand the terms, ask someone you trust to explain them to you.
Remember, if it seems too good to be true, it probably is.
Listen to NPR's report: Low Wage America - Credit Card Companies Abuse the Unwitting.
Somehow these banks seem to know that you want credit - you've received e-mails and offers in the mail. Lured in by promises of credit lines up to $2,000, you apply for a credit card. Congratulations- you're approved! You're a little disappointed that the limit they give you is just $250. It wasn't as much as you'd hoped for, but it's a start.
What you probably didn't do, though, is ask about the TERMS. And you soon discover that your $250 credit line is actually much less, because by merely signing up for the card, you incurred $178 of instant debt due to all those fees that you didn't know you'd be responsible for. There's a $95 program fee, a $29 account set-up fee, a $6 monthly participation fee, and a $48 annual fee. If you didn't realize that your actual buying power was really just $72, you might buy something that causes you to go over your limit - which, of course, generates yet another fee.
This is just one example of "fee harvesting," a practice by which credit card companies pile on junk fees to unsuspecting consumers - typically low-income, fixed-income and minorities. It's a lucrative business, generating millions in fees for companies and billions of dollars of debt for consumers.
A report issued by the National Consumer Law Center details how banks and marketers take advantage of inadequate laws and weak oversight by regulators by selling these predatory cards. The biggest offenders named in the report include CompuCredit, Urban Trust Bank, South Dakota-based First Premier and First National of Pierre, and Delaware-based First Bank of Delaware and Applied Bank (formerly known as Cross Country Bank), Capital One and HSBC.
They'll tell you their mission is bringing affordable banking services to the underserved. But what they are really doing is profiting from the poor and desperate.
The root of the problem lies in regulatory and legal loopholes that allow this practice to continue. I don't advocate cutting off people's access to credit. Rather, we need tougher federal controls. Until Congress acts to protect consumers from fee harvesting and other predatory practices, you must protect yourself.
The smaller the print, the more important it is to read it. Before you agree to anything, ask to read the terms. If you don't understand the terms, ask someone you trust to explain them to you.
Remember, if it seems too good to be true, it probably is.
Listen to NPR's report: Low Wage America - Credit Card Companies Abuse the Unwitting.
Monday, November 5, 2007
$3,000 Credit Limit and No Job
When I went to college, I was armed with a word processor (because I couldn't afford one of the newfangled computers), flannel jeans (I was a Florida girl who couldn't wait to experience her first Boston winter) and a toaster oven (for making toast and baking cookies). What I didn't bring, though, was any lick of common sense about credit or credit cards or interest rates. (Not entirely my fault - growing up, my parents were very hush-hush about finances. Talking about finances was like talking about that crazy mouthy aunt with chin hairs - you just didn't do it, but if you had to, it was always in a low voice and the topic was always dropped after a minute or two.)
So naturally, being a broke college student, I signed up for several credit cards. The credit card companies were everywhere on campus. What a deal! Not only did I get credit cards, I got some cool T-shirts and water bottles too.
I was thrilled when the credit cards came in the mail. I felt so "grown up." And the amount of money I could charge - one card had a $3,000 limit! - boggled my mind. Free money! I got my hair cut at a tony place on Newbury Street. I developed an obsession with expensive perfume. I treated my other broke college friends to dinner. I charged right up to my $3,000 limit.
When the bill came, it was all I could do to make the minimum payments. I had a job, but the majority of that had to go toward my work-study commitment. Long story short - I DID pay off the credit card - but it took YEARS to do so.
When I read "The dirty secret of campus credit cards" in BusinessWeek, it brought back a lot of memories and questions. Why in the world would a credit card company give a $3,000 limit to a college student who stated on her credit application that she had no job? But marketing to college students - easy targets because of their limited financial resources and naivete - has been part of campus culture for decades.
Why? Colleges and universities benefit from "sweetheart deal" kickbacks. We're not just talking free dinners. We're talking about secretive deals worth $20 million dollars per university. Schools earn "a set fee for each student, alumnus, or professor who signs up for a credit card, as well as a percentage of overall charges made on the cards." In exchange, the school gives credit card companies access to student lists and exclusive marketing privileges at school events.
Can you blame the schools? State schools are having an especially hard time as they deal with budget cuts. But in an era when more than 85 million people have joined the national Do Not Call list (and that figure is from 2005!), why are secret deals being made to release student information to the types of companies that many of us have chosen to avoid?
Well, that may stop. State legislatures in New York, Texas and Oklahoma voted earlier this year to clamp down on marketing credit cards to college students. And I understand that this is an issue that Congress will be examining in greater depth.
Don't get me wrong. I am not against issuing credit to college students or stifling capitalism. I do think, though, that college students - and many adults too - don't understand the increasingly complicated terms and conditions of credit cards, or even the basics of how they impact their credit and financial health. All I'm saying is - let's do this responsibly, and include in their education not just English, calculus and biology, but the ability to understand and manage credit cards wisely.
So naturally, being a broke college student, I signed up for several credit cards. The credit card companies were everywhere on campus. What a deal! Not only did I get credit cards, I got some cool T-shirts and water bottles too.
I was thrilled when the credit cards came in the mail. I felt so "grown up." And the amount of money I could charge - one card had a $3,000 limit! - boggled my mind. Free money! I got my hair cut at a tony place on Newbury Street. I developed an obsession with expensive perfume. I treated my other broke college friends to dinner. I charged right up to my $3,000 limit.
When the bill came, it was all I could do to make the minimum payments. I had a job, but the majority of that had to go toward my work-study commitment. Long story short - I DID pay off the credit card - but it took YEARS to do so.
When I read "The dirty secret of campus credit cards" in BusinessWeek, it brought back a lot of memories and questions. Why in the world would a credit card company give a $3,000 limit to a college student who stated on her credit application that she had no job? But marketing to college students - easy targets because of their limited financial resources and naivete - has been part of campus culture for decades.
Why? Colleges and universities benefit from "sweetheart deal" kickbacks. We're not just talking free dinners. We're talking about secretive deals worth $20 million dollars per university. Schools earn "a set fee for each student, alumnus, or professor who signs up for a credit card, as well as a percentage of overall charges made on the cards." In exchange, the school gives credit card companies access to student lists and exclusive marketing privileges at school events.
Can you blame the schools? State schools are having an especially hard time as they deal with budget cuts. But in an era when more than 85 million people have joined the national Do Not Call list (and that figure is from 2005!), why are secret deals being made to release student information to the types of companies that many of us have chosen to avoid?
Well, that may stop. State legislatures in New York, Texas and Oklahoma voted earlier this year to clamp down on marketing credit cards to college students. And I understand that this is an issue that Congress will be examining in greater depth.
Don't get me wrong. I am not against issuing credit to college students or stifling capitalism. I do think, though, that college students - and many adults too - don't understand the increasingly complicated terms and conditions of credit cards, or even the basics of how they impact their credit and financial health. All I'm saying is - let's do this responsibly, and include in their education not just English, calculus and biology, but the ability to understand and manage credit cards wisely.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
